The mighty Amazon Rainforest, also known as the Amazon Jungle or Amazonia, is the world’s largest rainforest. It covers a staggering 5.5 million square kilometres and is shared by nine South American nations. Of these, Brazil boasts around 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%. Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana share the remainder.
There is a wide range of choices when it comes to exploring the Amazon Jungle. Whether you stay in a lodge or decide to cruise along the river, prepare to be enchanted by this mysterious jungle. Learn about the ancient medicinal secrets of indigenous tribes and watch monkeys swing through the high branches of “the lungs of the world.” Eat fruits you never imagined existed, and canoe through the endless water world of the Amazon while stopping to fish for piranhas. Marvel at lily pads the size of your kitchen table and capture dazzling sunsets. Fall asleep at night, hypnotised by the harmonious hum of the forest.
When to go to the Amazon?
– The Amazon jungle is a year-round destination, but rainfall is typical all year round. However, there are two distinctive seasons with different traits. This can help you choose the best time to travel to the Amazon.
– Rainy season or high water season runs from mid-December to mid-May. The river rises by 12 metres, so the forest is flooded, providing a stunning visual effect. Cruises and canoes can best access the remote creeks and lakes.
– Dry season or low water season lasts from June until November. This season provides long hikes and the best birdwatching opportunities. Also, the aquatic populations are confined to a few key areas, so fishing is ideal.
– September to November are the hottest, driest months in the Amazon Jungle.
Our Experts Choice:
– Travel to a remote Amazon lodge for better chances of spotting wildlife.
– See the famous ‘Meeting of the Waters’ on the mighty Amazon in Brazil, where the Rio Negro and Rio Solimões converge.
– Enjoy a truly immersive rainforest experience with an overnight glamping trip or your own private tree house – a unique combination of adventure and comfort
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Highlights
Iquitos, Peru
Located in the Northeast of Peru, this area is famous for Three-toed Sloth, Pink River dolphin, Piranha, Titi Monkey, Red Howler monkey, hundreds of birds and the famous Giant Water Lily.
Coca, Ecuador
A 30min flight from Quito will take you to Coca. This area is famous for Piranhas, several species of monkeys including the Golden-mantled tamarin, Pink River dolphins, walking palm tree, White-Throated Toucan, Collared Peccary, Tapir, Giant River Otter, Jaguar and Manatee.
Puerto Maldonado, Peru
Located only 1.30hr flight away from Lima, this area is famous for Giant River otters, spider monkey, Macaw Clay Lick, Capibara, White Caiman, White-Lipped Peccary, Red Howler Monkeys, Brown Capuchin Monkey and even the famous Puma if you are lucky!
Manaus, Brazil
A 4hr flight from Rio de Janeiro will take you to Manaus. This area is famous for Piranhas, crocodiles, Squirrel monkeys, Pink River dolphins, Giant Water Lilies and the extraordinary meeting of the water (Negro River & Solimoes River).
Best Birding Destinations in South America (that even non-birders will love!)
The Guardian/ BirdLife 2021 Bird of the Year poll is back! So Australians can once again show their love for some of our best-loved (or under-appreciated) native birdlife by casting their vote. We’re very lucky here in Australia to have such incredible diversity of species. In fact, we have around 850 species across the mainland and islands. And what’s more, 45% of these are found nowhere else! Even in our largest urban centres, you can still see an impressive array of birds including cockatoos, kookaburras, lorikeets, cormorants, and owls.
But serious twitchers can’t go past South America as the #1 birding destination in the world.
Why is South America #1 for birding?
Well, out of the Top 10 countries with the greatest number of bird species, 6 are located in South America! These are the countries that offer Best Birding Destinations in South America. Colombia ranks number one in the world and Peru is right on her heels in second place – both with just under 1,900 species. Brazil takes out the bronze with some 1,800 species found within its expansive territory. Ecuador (approx. 1600), Bolivia (approx. 1450) and Venezuela (approx. 1400) help pad out the top ten – not bad for countries with just a fraction of Australia’s land mass!!
So, what makes these South American nations such rich grounds for birdlife? Much of it comes down to that unique geographic feature that defines the continent – the Andes Mountains. The Andes create a geographic diversity which has led in turn to an astonishing diversity of flora and fauna. Consider Ecuador – not much bigger than the state of Victoria it contains staggeringly high peaks (the highest, Chimborazo, is 6,263 m), the Amazon basin, a verdant cloud forest region, the Pacific coast, and of course, the Galapagos Islands. And in each of these habitats, a variety of unique bird species can be found.
Of course, not everyone has discovered their inner twitcher yet…but the great news is that many of South America’s most iconic birdwatching destinations also contain incredible wildlife, awe-inspiring history, and unique cultural experiences. Let us share the Best Birding Destinations in South America with you….
1. Northern Peru
The incredibly diverse region of Northern Peru is home to an astonishing 1600 bird species, making it a veritable paradise for birdwatchers. The famous Northern Peru Birding Route stretches from the Pacific Coast to the Amazon Basin and traverses a multitude of stunning landscapes including deserts, mountains, and forests. Avid and amateur birdwatchers alike will be astonished by the diversity of fauna and flora, with many endemic species found in the region.
Stand-Out Species
Peru’s national bird, the Andean Cock-of-the-Rock, has a fantastically eye-catching mating ritual. Witnessing one of these displays is an incredible experience as the males bow, jump and flap their wings at one another whilst emitting squawks and grunts.
A gorgeous male Andean Cock-of-the-Rock – found in the cloud forest of Peru
Beyond birding…
Forget Machu Picchu and the Inca! Northern Peru contains some of the country’s most fascinating ruins – ancient cities constructed by the Moche, Chimu, and Chachapoya civilisations that will take your breath away. And then there are the natural attractions, including the magnificent Gocta Falls. Even the most ardent twitchers will find time to put down the binoculars for these incredible attractions!!
The magnificent Gocta Falls, hidden deep in the cloud forest of Chachapoyas
2. Valdes Peninsula
Argentina might not crack the Top Ten in terms of number of bird species, but it has been blessed with one of the most magical birding destinations in all of South America – the Valdes Peninsula. Similar to Argentina’s answer to the Galapagos Islands, this tiny peninsula juts out into the Atlantic Ocean and is home to over 180 bird species. It remains one of the best-kept secrets as one of the Best Birding Destinations in South America.
Stand Out Species
Marine birds rule the roost in this part of the world with twitchers hoping to catch a glimpse of the Southern Giant Petrel, Magellanic Penguin, endemic White-headed Steamer-duck, and endangered Yellow Cardinal.
Magellanic Penguins at the San Lorenzo Rookery
Beyond Birding…
What about whale watching? Witnessing orcas launching themselves onto the beach for a feast of seals or sea lions is an unforgettable wildlife experience. Consider a trip on a yellow submarine (no, really!) to see the giants of the deep at eye level.
See Orca feeding on seals and sea lions along the shores of the Valdes Peninsula
3. Colombia’s Coffee Triangle
The Coffee Triangle is a region of picturesque towns nestled among verdant green hills and acres of coffee. And what’s more, the three departments that make up the region – Risaralda, Quindio, and Caldas – are home to more species of birds than almost any other part of the country.
Stand Out Species
Hardcore birders may scoff at the Acaime Hummingbird Sanctuary, but photographers will delight at the ease with which you can capture an amazing array of hummingbird species at this hummingbird feeder station in the Cocora Valley (provided you have a very fast shutter speed, of course). On any given day you will likely see Black Inca, Buff-tailed Coronet, and White-bellied Woodstar hummingbirds.
Purists may scoff, but Acaime offers unequaled photo opportunities!
Beyond birding…
Cocora National Park is one of the country’s most appealing, with its towering wax palms and close proximity to the gorgeous town of Salento. Needless to say, the coffee in the area is sublime but there is also a dazzling array of fruit to be found in this fertile region.
The towering wax palms of Cocoro National Park in Colombia’s Coffee Region
4. The Pantanal, Brazil
It seems the Pantanal pops up on almost every “Best of” list you could care to compile about fauna in South America. And for good reason! This truly is one of the best wildlife-viewing places in the world. Both for the diversity of species and also the relative ease at which you can see the region’s many magnificent creatures.
Stand Out Species
Avid birders have their bucket list of species, while amateurs will delight in two of the continent’s most lovable birds: the Toco Toucan and Hyacinth Macaw.
Always a crowd favourite, the Toco Toucan is known as the common toucan and is found right across South America. But you are almost guaranteed to see one if you visit the Pantanal.
The Blue Hyacinth, the largest parrot species, measures a whopping one meter from head to tail. Despite being classified as vulnerable due to illegal wildlife trade, several conservation initiatives make it highly likely for you to spot one during your stay.
The iconic Toco Toucan is easy to see in the Pantanal
Beyond birding…
The Pantanal holds the world’s highest density of jaguar populations. The Onçafari Project excels in habituating jaguars and other animals to human presence. In 2019, they achieved a remarkable 98% success rate in guests viewing these beautiful creatures.
Game Drives in the Pantanal allow you to see an incredible array of wildlife
5. Costa Rica
Despite the fact that Costa Rica is smaller than Tasmania, it contains a whopping 920 odd species of birds! With excellent tourist infrastructure in Central America, touring the country’s National Parks becomes a breeze. Moreover, travellers can select from a fantastic array of boutique ecolodges for a delightful stay.
Stand Out Species
The Resplendent Quetzal is a stunning bird found in Costa Rica’s mountainous rainforests. It is one of the world’s most beautiful species. These birds feed on a diet of fruit, insects, and small lizards. For those passionate about Quetzals, the ideal time to visit is April, the mating season.
The stunning Quetzal is resplendent indeed.
Beyond Birding
There’s no shortage of activities to keep you busy in Costa Rica. From zip-lining to white-water rafting, hiking, coffee tours, wellness therapies, and thermal hot springs. You’ll find plenty to keep you entertained while your travel buddy goes in search of the elusive Quetzal.
Kayaking Lake Arenal affords stunning views of Arenal Volcano
So whether you’re an avid or amateur birdwatcher – or merely the long-suffering travel company of an obsessed birder, these are just some of the best birding destinations in South and Central America. Ask one of our expert consultants about specialist birding tours! Or simply include any of these fantastic destinations in your next trip to Latin America and keep your eyes peeled!
Serious twitchers can't go past South America as the #1 birding destination in the world. Find out why!
7 best wildlife experiences in South & Central America
South and Central America offer some of the world’s most incredible wildlife experiences. From the Galapagos Islands to the Pantanal and the pristine wilderness of Antarctica, this is truly a continent for wildlife enthusiasts. Whether you are an avid birdwatcher, a whale-watching tragic, or have a love for Big Cats, South America has a wildlife destination for you. Let us share some of our favourite South & Central America wildlife experiences with you below!
Ticking off the Galapagos Islands Big 15
No doubt you have heard of Africa’s Big 5. But did you know that the Galapagos Islands has an even more extensive list of iconic, must-see species known as the Big 15? And what’s more, by choosing your Galapagos cruise carefully, you have a high chance of seeing most (if not all) these incredible species all on one trip! So, what unique species make up this exclusive list?
Well, it is no surprise that the famous Galapagos Giant Tortoise is top of the list. Not to mention the cute and playful Galapagos Sea Lion and Fur Seal. And then there are the three main species of iguana – land iguana, marine iguana, and the Santa Fe iguana. Snorkellers will have fun spotting the Galapagos Penguin. And birdwatchers will delight in the colourful species which round out the list. The Galapagos Hawk, Albatross, Flightless Cormorant, American Flamingo, and Frigatebirds are some of the most impressive. Whilst the charming Blue-footed, Red-footed, and Nazca Boobies are always a favourite. Put simply, the more of these iconic species you see, the more you can appreciate the incredible diversity of South America’s premier wildlife destination.
The Magnificent Frigatebird – one of the Galapagos Big 15
Whale Watching on the Valdes Peninsula
Argentina’s Valdes Peninsula is one of South America’s most incredible wildlife destinations. And yet it flies well under the radar for international tourists. You’ll see vast penguin colonies, abundant marine birds, and plenty of mammals including sea lions, elephant seals, and playful dolphins. But the true stars of the show are the whales. The extraordinary sight of an orca launching itself onto the beach to catch a sea lion pup is something you will never forget! Or the unique experience of watching a Southern Right mother and calf – from an underwater submarine! Don’t miss Argentina’s answer to the Galapagos Islands – visit the Valdes Peninsula on your next trip!
The unforgettable sight of orcas hunting seals and sea lions along the shore
Hearing your first Howler Monkey in the Amazon
Despite containing a staggering number of species, the density of the rainforest means that the Amazon can be a difficult place to spot wildlife. But anyone who has visited the Amazon Basin will tell you that the myriad sounds that you hear at dawn and dusk more than makeup for any lack of visual contact. From the hundreds of different bird songs to chattering monkeys and the frantic sound of white-lipped peccary rushing through the undergrowth, the forest is an aural feast.
But there is one sound that frightens almost every first-time visitor to the Amazon. And that is the call of the Howler Monkey! In fact, Howler Monkeys are among the loudest land animals in the world. Their guttural howls can travel up to 5km across the canopy. One of our favourite South American wildlife experiences is waking to the eerie sound of troops of Howlers calling through the morning mist as the jungle comes alive. Turn your volume up and click here for a taste of this audio adventure!
Red Howler Monkeys – spotted near the Tambopata Research Centre in Peru
Seeing Mexican forests blanketed in Monarch butterflies
Every year, some 200 million Monarch Butterflies migrate from Canada and the US to Mexico. This 4,500km journey is the longest of any insect migration on Earth. And the resulting carpet of orange, black, and white is a sight to behold. Visit the UNESCO Heritage Listed Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve from November to February to witness this breathtaking widlife spectacle. We recommend avoiding weekend visits when the number of visitors can be overwhelming.
Monarch Butterflies in Michoacan
Experiencing the extreme biodiversity of Costa Rica
It’s no secret that Costa Rica is one of the world’s best destinations for ecotourism. After all, almost 30% of the country is protected by national parks, reserves, and wildlife refuges. But there is one corner of this eco-paradise that stands above the rest. And that is the Osa Peninsula. In fact, National Geographic has described this pristine peninsula as “the most biologically intense place on earth.” So it should come as no surprise that some of Central America’s best wildlife experiences can be found here.
Choose one of the region’s excellent jungle lodges as your base and explore Corcovado National Park for the chance to see spider monkeys, tapir, anteater, jaguar, and Central America’s largest population of scarlet macaw. Then, explore underwater at the Caño Island Biological Reserve to see some of the region’s iconic marine species such as green turtles, reef sharks, and stingrays. All in all, the Osa Peninsula crams 2.5% of the planet’s biodiversity into just 0.001% of its surface area! Meaning, this is one destination wildlife enthusiasts simply cannot afford to miss!
Discover the diversity of flora and flora on the Osa Peninsula
Reliving your childhood with the real-life Paddington Bear
Remember Paddington Bear? That beloved character in children’s books? Not many people recall that he came from “Darkest Peru”. And even fewer are aware that there really are bears in South America! Named for the pale rings that circle their eyes, Andean Spectacled Bears are found in cloud forests from Colombia to northern Argentina but are incredibly elusive. In fact, seeing one of these diminutive bears is almost as difficult as it is to see a jaguar! But there are a few places where your chances improve dramatically.
One of these places is the charming Hacienda Zuleta, an authentic working farm on more than 4,000 acres that dates back to the 17th century. Thanks to the conservation work of Mr. Galo Plaza Lasso and his family, Zuleta has become a sanctuary for the Andean Spectacled Bear. And with more than 30 individual bears having been sighted frequently around the property, you stand an excellent chance of seeing ‘Paddington’ during your stay.
An Andean Spectacled Bear snapped in the cloud forests of Ecuador
Witnessing the mind-boggling multitudes in South Georgia
In terms of wildlife density, nothing comes close to South Georgia. In fact, at the height of the breeding season, there is said to be more wildlife per square metre in South Georgia than in any other place on Earth. The statistics are difficult to wrap your head around – 30 million breeding birds, including 7 million penguins & 250,000 albatrosses, 2 million fur seals, and 50% of the world’s population of southern elephant seals. And thanks to the limited exposure these animals have had to humans, they are largely devoid of fear. This means that you can view and photograph these species at incredibly close range. Most of our clients agree that South Georgia is the highlight of their Antarctic cruise!
Nothing can prepare you for seeing almost half a million King Penguins at Salisbury Plain
Of course, there are countless other incredible wildlife experiences to be had in South & Central America! There’s jaguar spotting in the Pantanal and swimming with Whale Sharks in Mexico. Not to mention puma tracking in Patagonia and the beautiful camelid species of the Andes. And then there are the myriad bird species that dazzle us every time we visit – curious toucans, rainbow-coloured macaw, brilliantly hued Quetzals, and the elegant flamingoes of the Atacama Desert.
So, why not get in touch with one of our expert consultants? And find out how to make your next South & Central America holiday a wildlife adventure to remember.
Calling all wildlife enthusiasts! Check out some of the best places in Latin America for wonderful wildlife experiences.
For the team at Contours Travel, books that indulge our passion for Latin American travel are the ultimate escape. Both fiction and non-fiction can offer unique insights into the places we travel. From helping us to understand the history and culture, to sparking our curiosity about previously unknown places. Maybe you are planning your next adventure. Or simply looking for an exotic escape for your imagination? Whatever the reason, our top picks for the best travel books for Latin America are sure to fire your passion for travel.
In Patagonia by Bruce Chatwin
Published in 1977, this classic account is a wonderful combination of evocative descriptions, remarkable bits of history, and unforgettable anecdotes about Patagonia. Chatwin revolutionised the genre of travel writing. And this masterpiece is every bit as relevant today as it was all those years ago.
Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage by Alfred Lansing
An absolutely phenomenal account of Shackleton’s ill-fated expedition to cross Antarctica. In fact, this is one of the greatest adventure tales of all time. Overcoming extraordinary odds to survive and rescue his team, Shackleton redefined heroism in the modern age.
River of Darkness: Francisco Orellana’s Legendary Voyage of Death and Discovery Down the Amazon by Buddy Levy
River of Darkness tells the story of Orellana’s journey down the Amazon River from its headwaters to the Atlantic Ocean in the 1540s. Interweaving eyewitness accounts of the quest with newly uncovered details, Levy reconstructs this epic survival tale and gives a fascinating account of the native populations, flora, and fauna the group encountered along the way.
Among Stone Giants by Jo Anne Van Tilburg
A compelling biography of an extraordinary woman who rebelled against Victorian values! Katherine Routledge became one of the first female graduates of Oxford University and the first woman archaeologist to work in Polynesia. Without her work, Easter Island’s traditional beliefs and customs would have been forever lost. An enthralling personal story set against one of the most intriguing archaeological sites in the world.
One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez
A triumph of magic realism by the Colombian master of the genre. Set in the fictional town of Macondo, the landscape, characters, politics, and history will nevertheless be familiar to anyone who has spent time in this part of the world. A wonderful journey for your imagination and a must-read travel book for Colombia.
The War of Don Emmanuel’s Nether Parts by Louis de Bernieres
This is the first part of a trilogy set in an imagined Latin American country. Its themes parody the dictatorships and social unrest of several Latin American nations in the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. The result is a modern and often hilarious take on magic realism.
A Country Under My Skin by Gioconda Belli
Gioconda Belli grew up in upper-class Nicaragua. Then, in 1970, a blossoming awareness of the social inequities in Nicaragua led her to join the Sandinistas in the struggle against the Samoza dictatorship. And this autobiography chronicles her journey from society girl to paramilitary rebel.
Open Veins of Latin America by Eduardo Galeano
From gold and silver to cacao, cotton, and rubber, Latin America has been plundered for centuries for its natural resources. Galeano’s account traces the historical, political, and economic factors behind this exploitation and is both analytical and passionate. A must-read for anyone who wishes to understand Latin America’s relationship with US and European power and politics.
The Amazon is the largest rainforest in the world. The basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2, and it is shared by nine nations in South America. This region is also home to the most extensive collection of living animals and plants in the world; making it one of the richest biomes in the world with unparallel diversity. If that is not enough to get your attention, the Amazon is also home to the Amazon River. The mighty Amazon snakes more than 6,400km from the Andes to the Atlantic, and is the largest river in the world. With so much land to cover, and so many things to see, when is the best time to travel to the Amazon?
The Amazon has two seasons: the flooded and the dry season. Both seasons offer amazing sites to spot wildlife and learn about the flora. And in both seasons you will get rainy days and hot weather. So how to choose when is the best time to travel to the Amazon? For those wanting a slightly cooler temperature that will allow you to get close-ups with lots of birds and mammals, the flooded season is the best choice. However, if you are looking to explore the area with hikes and try your luck at fishing, then the dry season is your best bet. It is hotter and less rainy. Let´s break it down a little bit more.
The flooded season
The flooded season runs through summer, from November to May. If you travel to the Amazon around this time, the temperatures are somewhat cooler thanks to the rain. The rivers and streams are navigable as the water volume is higher. So you will be able to explore the Amazon along its waterways. This way, you will reach places that you would miss during the dry season. As the water levels are higher, the boats get closer to the canopy. You will see the monkeys play and the birds roost. This time is better to see the mammals as most areas are flooded.
The dry season
The dry season runs from June to October. The temperatures get higher, but you will still get some rainy days. The pathways that are flooded during summer are now more accessible so you will be able to explore deeper into the forest. Lower water levels mean less accessibility to creeks that allow us to enjoy the canopy. But it also means better fishing and the chance to see dozens of migratory birds in flight, something that you will miss in the wet season.
The verdict
Both seasons are great to travel to the Amazon and explore the area. If you have a specific purpose, like fishing or want to have more activities like hiking and trekking, then the dry season is recommended. For those who want to enjoy the waterways and prolific bird life, then the flooded season would be the best choice.
To find out more about what Amazon region is right for you, talk to our agents. From cruising to treehouses and glamping, there are many ways to experience this iconic destination.
Find out what makes the dry and flooded seasons of the Amazon Rainforest unique!
